For the conversion of organic matter to petroleum you need atleast 2 things :- evolution of organic matter i.e abundance of organic matter and preservation( need a platform area for deposition)
Platform:- water depth ≤ 200 m . this is generally the region where fine grain particles are deposited and they can preserver the organic matter at its best.
Preservation in coarse grains is not possible as water can move through its pore spaces and so does the oxygen which oxidizes the organic matter thus ceasing the chances of preservation.
vuggy porosity [ note: if there is a mistake here, plz post comment to get it corrected] :- vuggy porosity arises due to dissolution of carbonates like limestone.
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